5-MeO-DALT

5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-DALT

5-MeO-DALT is a synthetic tryptamine analog of 5-MeO-DMT (O-methylbufotenine), a compound found naturally in toad secretions.1

The Chemistry of 5-MeO-DALT

5-MeO-DALT was first synthesized by Alexander and Ann Shulgin.2 The crystal structure of the freebase of 5-MeO-DALT was solved by Chadeayne et al. in 2020.3

The Pharmacology of 5-MeO-DALT

From their self-testing of 20 mg of the compound, the Shulgin’s commented, “The rapid onset and rapid drop-off of 5-MeO-DALT is remarkable. With oral administration, it is common to be aware of the effects in less than 15 minutes and to be fully there at the half-hour point.” 2

A 2018 study by Klein et al. found that 5-MeO-DALT induced the head twitch response (HTR) in mice.4 As such, these results indicate it has psychedelic effects that are mediated via the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The table below shows the serotonin receptor binding data from studies on cloned human receptors done by Klein et al.4

In 2015, Michely et al. analyzed the metabolites in the urine of rats that were given 5-MeO-DALT.5 They identified the metabolites using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS-MS). Based on the metabolites they identified, the authors summarized that “…several aromatic and aliphatic hydroxylations, N-dealkylation, N-oxidation, and combinations thereof are proposed as the main metabolic pathways…” They also observed an O-demethylation product of 5-MeO-DALT. The authors also identified the main cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of 5-MeO-DALT. These were, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4.

The Applications and Potential of 5-MeO-DALT

The crystal structure of the freebase form of 5-MeO-DALT that was solved by Chadeayne et al. is essential to understanding its physical properties and for studying its activity at receptors by using modeling studies. Although it is a synthetic compound, further study of 5-MeO-DALT could help shed light on the pharmacology involved in the effects of ingesting toad secretions.

Receptor Binding Affinity Data

Receptor Ki (nM) Species Note Ref.
5-HT1A 19 Human 4
5-HT1B 735 Human 4
5-HT1D 107 Human 4
5-HT1E 500 Human 4
5-HT2A 218 Human 4
5-HT2B 59 Human 4
5-HT2C 456 Human 4
5-HT5A 3312 Human 4
5-HT6 153 Human 4
5-HT7 90 Human 4
    References
  1. Shen H-W, Jiang X-L, Winter JC, Yu A-M. Psychedelic 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Interactions, and Pharmacological Actions. Curr Drug Metab. 2010;11(8):659-666.
  2. Shulgin A, Shulgin A. TIHKAL: The Continuation. First Edition, Eighth Printing. Transform Press Berkeley; 2017.
  3. Chadeayne AR, Pham DNK, Golen JA, Manke DR. 5-MeO-DALT: the freebase of N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine. IUCrData. 2020;5(4):x200498. doi:10.1107/S2414314620004988
  4. Klein LM, Cozzi NV, Daley PF, Brandt SD, Halberstadt AL. Receptor binding profiles and behavioral pharmacology of ring-substituted N,N-diallyltryptamine analogs. Neuropharmacology. February 2018. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.028
  5. Michely JA, Helfer AG, Brandt SD, Meyer MR, Maurer HH. Metabolism of the new psychoactive substances N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 5-methoxy-DALT and their detectability in urine by GC–MS, LC–MS n , and LC–HR–MS–MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2015;407(25):7831-7842. doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8955-0